Practices and challenges in implementing women’s right to political participation under the African Women’s Rights Protocol in Zimbabwe

Abstract

The African Women’s Rights Protocol in article 9 affirms the equal participation of women in political and decision-making processes. This article largely relies on literature to examine the domestic effect of this provision in Zimbabwe, following the ratification of the African Women’s Rights Protocol in 2008. Accordingly, this article explores the importance of article 9, deciphering the significance thereof. It also examines the adequacy of legal, policy and institutional practices, and the persistent challenges to women participation in public life. Guided by article 9 of the Protocol, Zimbabwe made considerable strides in ensuring women’s political participation. While significant outcomes have been noted, women’s participation is in most cases below the 50 percent set by article 9. This underperformance emanates from the fact that most legal and institutional measures aimed at ensuring women participation are limited in scope, not effectively disseminated and insufficiently executed due to limited resources and political will. Besides, women continue to face persistent forms of gender-based violence, poverty, and socio-cultural and institutional barriers that limit their political participation. This article recommends political and electoral reforms including the change of the electoral system to proportional representation, the introduction of a mandatory political party and national gender quotas, leveling of the political playing field, and engaging in innovative and widespread research, lobbying, and advocacy for equal women participation in public life.